In the past two years, 5G technology has become a broad road for the development of major operators and mobile phone manufacturers. However, in addition to greater bandwidth transmission efficiency, many users have no deep understanding of 5G technology. Today, I will briefly talk about 5G technology. Development trends and advantages and disadvantages.
Source: csdn
Look at this picture, it is all about electromagnetic waves. Our mobile phone also sends and receives data in this way. From the 2G to 5G era, we are probably using the "IF-UHF" in the picture to collect communication. You will remember the "GSM900" and "CDMA800" in the 2G era, and the numbers below indicate that the device's operating frequency band is 900MHz and 800MHz.
According to the new 5G standard, the GPP 38.101 protocol specifies that the main frequency of the 5G NR has two phases: the FR1 band and the FR2 band, wherein the FR1 band operates at 450 MHz to 6 GHz, also known as the sub 6 GHz band; the FR2 band operates at 24.25. GHz ~ 52.6GHz, everyone has a customary name for this name, called millimeter wave. Combined with the first table, the frequency of 5G belongs to the ultra-high frequency and very high frequency of the transmission rate, and the higher the frequency, the shorter the band length. (If it's really easy to mix, imagine squeezing a 1km wave into 1m, which is equivalent to 2G evolution to 5G, you don't have to take a boat to see the sea, but you can see it at a glance.)
That is such a good thing, why didn't you do it before?
For a long time, people do not need such a fast transmission rate, transmission costs are high, who thought about taking 10 dollars 30M traffic to watch the game video? However, when you watch videos online, you have already come to the era of 3G~4G. The maximum bandwidth of 4G LTE cellular is 100MHz, and the data rate is no more than 1Gbps. When it reaches 5G and millimeter wave, the maximum bandwidth is 400MHz, and the data rate can exceed 10Gbps, 5G brings large bandwidth and high speed, and there is market demand, and the technical problem of producing integrated circuit components of the band with good quality is overcome.
After overcoming the rate limit, 5G systems operating in millimeter waves can provide many services that 4G cannot provide, such as high-definition video, virtual reality, augmented reality, wireless base station backhaul, short-range radar detection, dense urban information services, stadiums/ Concert/shopping center wireless communication services, factory automation control, telemedicine, security monitoring, intelligent transportation systems, airport security checks, etc.
5G technology also has shortcomings. Although the transmission rate is fast, the propagation loss is larger than that of 4G. The propagation loss is L=92.4+20log(f)+20log(R), where f is the frequency in GHz and R is the unit in kilometers. The distance, and the unit of L is dB. After a 70 GHz millimeter wave propagates 10 meters away, the loss reaches 89.3 dB.
Simply speaking, the signal distance becomes shorter. The same area laying 5G base station is several times larger than the 4G base station, and the laying schedule takes longer. Here you can rest assured that the radiation problem, because this is a rumor, the base station is more dense, but it will also disguise as a variety of objects to reduce visual interference, everything has two sides, shorter transmission distance means further elimination Signal interference.
Source: csdn
Based on the multi-input principle of 5G rate transmission, another disadvantage of 5G equipment is that the number of antennas will also increase exponentially. For large equipment, this space is constant, but within the mobile phone, the space is a tricky space. The problem, and 5G power consumption will also be multiplied, and it is also the need for mobile phone manufacturers to overcome the situation in order to grab 5G equipment. At present, vivo has demonstrated a 5G antenna design based on the FR1 band on the APEX 2019 concept machine, which overcomes the problem of 5G technology applied to the mobile terminal through antenna merging, stacking space and metal liquid cooling.
People use 5G to pursue higher transmission rates. Operators want to occupy a more advantageous 5G frequency band before the 4G frequency band is occupied by friends. With the rapid development of mobile communication, the frequency resources within 30GHz are almost It is used up. Governments and the International Organization for Standardization have allocated all “good†frequencies, but there are still frequency shortages and frequency conflicts. The development of 4G cellular systems and the upcoming 5G are all dependent on proper frequency allocation.
Moreover, some bands have very poor propagation efficiency in the atmosphere. The resonance caused by water vapor absorbs electromagnetic waves near 22 GHz and 183 GHz, and the resonance absorption of oxygen affects electromagnetic waves around 60 GHz and 120 Hz. Everyone is avoiding these four. Transmission bands.
When the future enters the 5G millimeter wave era, how will it develop? If you want to pursue faster speed, you may enter the light wave transmission stage. It is known that infrared light works at 150THz~430THz, visible light works at 430THz~750THz, and currently 5G millimeter wave belongs to 6GHz~60GHz, and lightwave transmission is still in progress. Technology blind spots, but I believe that as long as there is demand, people will always try to break.
Talking about the future 5G technology trends and advantages and disadvantages
Current 5G technology deployment plan list
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