Has been "going out" strength refining technology and equipment is expected to become the country's new business card
January 20, China's largest investment project in Saudi Arabia, Sinopec's first overseas refining project - Yanbu refinery project officially put into operation. In early 2012, Sinopec and Saudi Aramco signed a joint venture agreement, holding 37.5% and 62.5% of the shares respectively. The refinery is located in the petrochemical area near Yanbu City, western Saudi Arabia. The designed capacity reaches 400,000 barrels of crude oil per day (20 million tons / year). It owns the world's leading refining and chemical facilities and the production and operation management standards have reached the world advanced level Level, the quality of gasoline and diesel produced to meet US standards and the EU â…¤ standards. The picture shows Yanbu refinery.
During this year's NPC and CPPCC session, Cao Xianghong, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, explicitly told China Industry News reporters: China's advanced refining and petrochemical technologies and equipment are "going global" conditions and should be vigorously promoted abroad, especially in the Belt and Road countries , Making it the third "national business card" after high-speed rail and nuclear power.
"Going out" conditions mature <br> Cao Xianghong pointed out that China's refining chemical technology and equipment "going out" powerful. China has become the world petrochemical industry powerhouse, and most petrochemical products have the highest productivity in the world. In 2014, China's refining capacity reached 750 million tons / year, accounting for 15.6% of the global total capacity, ranking the second in the world only after the United States. Ethylene capacity was 20.43 million tons / year, accounting for 13.1% of the global total. Ranking the second in the world. Synthetic resin, synthetic rubber and synthetic fiber capacity accounted for 35% of the world's total capacity, ranking first in the world.
In the process of rapid development of petrochemical industry, our country's science and technology personnel insisted on independent innovation, and the level of petrochemical technology continued to improve. China has mastered the complete set of technologies for refining, ethylene and aromatic products that have reached the world advanced level and some of the world's leading technologies. Some of the technologies and products have been exported to foreign countries and have relied on independent technologies to build 10-million-ton refineries, 1 million-ton ethylene plants and Million tons of aromatics unit capacity. China's petrochemical equipment manufacturing enterprises have mastered the manufacturing technology of special equipment for refining and chemical industry and have accumulated rich experience. They have the ability to manufacture major equipment for large-scale oil refining, ethylene, aromatic hydrocarbon and other equipment.
Cao Xianghong pointed out that China's refining chemical technology and equipment "going out" have a foundation. Cooperation in the energy sector is the most promising area for cooperation along the "Belt and a Road" line and the most cooperative country in the world. Since entering the new century, China's petrochemical enterprises have been stepping up the pace of "going global". Among them, the countries along the "Belt and Road" are the key areas for cooperation. By the end of 2015, China's petrochemical enterprises have invested in 11 overseas refining and petrochemical projects, including Yanbian Refinery in Saudi Arabia and PK Oil Refinery in Kazakhstan, with a total refining capacity of 76.6 million tons / year, of which 53.17 million tons are for China's rights and interests. Singapore sole proprietorship built 80,000 tons / year of lubricants (fat) project, involved in Indonesia, the United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands oil and petrochemical products storage project; purchased a 10% stake in the Russian company Siber, invested 42,500 tons / year in Russia Nitrile rubber project, of which China shares 25%, equity capacity of 10,600 tons / year; from the "Belt and Road" along the country imports 168 million tons of crude oil each year, accounting for 55% of China's total crude oil imports, imports of refined oil, polyethylene , Polypropylene and synthetic rubber and other products, respectively, accounting for more than 50% of China's total imports of such products.
The advantage of "Going Global" shows that "China's refining and chemical technology and equipment have an advantage in going out." Cao Xianghong said that China already possesses a strong capability in the design, construction, supervision and project management of refining and chemical engineering and has trained a large number of people with rich practical experience , Good at hard work of professional construction team, to large-scale refinery project from the process package to drive the whole process of trial operation of the general contracting services, cost-effective. According to incomplete statistics, since 2000, China's refining and chemical engineering enterprises as EPC (EPC) contractors, responsible for the construction of the "Belt and Road" national refining project has reached more than 20, of which Sinopec Group Company has completed overseas The total contract value reached 8.857 billion U.S. dollars and the total amount of overseas contracts under enforcement was 4.565 billion U.S. dollars. Through the implementation of these projects, our country has won a good reputation among the countries along the "Belt and Road". In 2015, the 20 million ton / year Yanbu refinery, a joint venture between Sinopec Group Company and Saudi National Oil Company, was formally put into production. It has trained a large number of foreign workers, increased local employment opportunities, promoted local industrial and economic development, and further enhanced The friendly relations between China and Saudi Arabia.
PERSONAL PROTECTION
It is essential that the operator and helpers be properly clothed and protected because of the heat, ultra-violet rays, and sparks, produced by the arc welder (See Figure 3). For body protection a pair of fire retardant long sleeved coveralls without cuffs is a good choice. Always avoid clothing with tears, snags, rips, or worn spots as these are easily ignited by sparks. The sleeves and collars should be kept buttoned. The hands should be protected with leather gauntlet gloves. A pair o high top leather shoes, preferably safety shoes, is good protection for the feet. If low shoes are worn the ankles should be protected by fire resistant leggings. Eyes should be protected by transparent goggles if the person wears prescription glasses or safety glasses if not. A welding helmet or hand shield with filter plate and cover plate is mandatory for eye protection from the harmful rays of the arc. The filter plate should be at least shade #10 for general welding up to 200 amps. However, certain operations such as carbon-arc welding and higher current welding operations require darker shades. Never use a helmet if the filter plate or cover lens is cracked or broken. A flame-proof skull cap to protect the hair and head as well as hearing protection in noisy situations is recommended.
Plastic disposable cigarette lighters are very dangerous around heat and flame. It is very important that they not be carried in the pockets while welding. Always provide protection to bystanders or other workers by welding inside a properly screened area, if possible. If unable to work inside a screened area then protection to others should be provided by a portable screen or shield, or by their wearing anti-flash goggles.
SAFE OPERATION OF THE WELDER
It is important that anyone operating an arc welder be instructed on its safe use by a qualified teacher or welder.
Because of their potentially explosive nature, we strongly recommend that no welding, cutting, or hot work be attempted on used drums, barrels, tanks, or other containers under any circumstances.
If possible, work to be welded should be placed on a firebrick surface at a comfortable height. Welding should never be done directly on a concrete floor. Heat from the arc can cause steam to build-up in the floor which could cause an explosion. The welder cables should be positioned so that sparks and molten metal will not fall on them. They should also be kept free of grease and oil and located where they will not be driven over.
Electric welders can kill by electric shock. If the welding operation must be done on steel or other conductive material an insulating mat must be used under the operator. If the welding area is wet or damp or the operator is actively perspiring then he/she should wear rubber gloves under the Welding Gloves.
It is easier and safer to establish an arc on a clean surface than a dirty or rusty one. Therefore, metal should always be thoroughly cleaned by wire brushing or other method prior to welding. When chipping slag or wire brushing the finished bead the operator should always be sure to protect his eyes and body from flying slag and chips. Unused electrodes and electrode stubs should not be left on the floor as they create a slipping hazard. Hot metal should be handled with metal tongs or pliers. When quenching hot metal in water it should be done carefully to prevent painful burns from the escaping steam. Any metal left to cool should be carefully marked "HOT" with a soapstone. When welding is finished for the day or suspended for any length of time electrodes should be removed from the holder. The holder should be placed where no accidental contact could occur, and the welder should be disconnected from the power source.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR ENGINE POWERED WELDERS
Always operate in an open well-ventilated area or vent the engine exhaust directly outdoors.
Never fuel the engine while running or in the presence of an open flame.
Wipe up spilled fuel immediately and wait for fumes to disperse before starting the engine. *Never remove the radiator pressure cap from liquid cooled engines while they are hot to prevent scalding yourself.
Stop the engine before performing any maintenance or trouble shooting. The ignition system should be disabled to prevent accidental start of the engine.
Keep all guards and shields in place.
Keep hands, hair, and clothing away from moving parts.
FIRST AID
The welding area should always be equipped with a fire blanket and a well stocked first aid kit. It is desirable that one person be trained in first aid to treat the minor injuries that may occur. All injuries, no matter how minor they may seem can become more serious if not properly treated by trained medical personnel.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER
Be sure the welder is properly installed and grounded.
Never weld without adequate ventilation.
Take proper precautions to prevent fires.
Protect your entire body with fire retardant clothing, shoes, and gloves.
Wear eye protection at all times.
Weld only in a firesafe area.
Never do any welding, cutting, or hot work on used drums, barrels, tanks, or other containers.
Mark metal "HOT" with a soapstone.
Keep a well stocked first aid kit handy.
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