The heap immersion bottom pad generally consists of three parts: foundation, underlayer and protective layer, as shown in Figure 1. The heap immersion underlayer is often based on local conditions, the nature of the heap leaching materials, etc., and can be used in a variety of structures, including single, double and triple layers. If some mud ore granulation heap leaching often does not require a protective layer, only a layer of underlay can be laid on a solid and flat foundation. Some heap leaching fields have a gravel layer on the foundation and then in the gravel layer. clay thickness of about 400 ~ 450mm plated bottom cushion; gravel layer acting as the bottom cushion leakage detection. In some heap immersion fields, a drainage layer is added on the protective layer.
Figure 1 Composition of the heap immersion mat
The function of the heap immersion mat is mainly to carry the pressure of the heap and collect all the leachate.
The foundation should be selected to be stable in the stratum, without large cavities, fractures and cracks on the flat or sloped land that is not developed to ensure that the heap immersion bottom cushion can carry the pressure of the ore heap, and the pile collapses without causing the pile to collapse, the surface of the foundation Flatness is required to prevent the underlayer from being punctured from below; the foundation should have a slope of 3% to 5% in order to discharge the leachate in time. The flatness and compaction of the foundation is the first step of laying the heap immersion mat. Generally, the bulldozer is first pushed to a certain slope according to the requirements, and then repeatedly compacted by a road roller, or manually leveled and tamped. If there is hard rock on the surface, it should be blasted off, processed and filled, and compacted.
The main role of the bottom cushion is a solution to prevent leachate leaking out of the heap leach off, resulting in the loss of metal and groundwater sources are contaminated.
The protective layer is mainly used to protect the bottom cushion from the upper part from the damage of the ore, and prevent the fracturing and damage of the underlying layer caused by the movement of the construction equipment and the walking of the personnel. Therefore, the choice of the material of the protective layer and the determination of the thickness depend on the height of the heap, the size of the ore, the type of building equipment, and the nature of the underlying material. It is generally desirable that the protective layer material be smooth pebbles or coarse sand, and where possible, the protective layer may also use a bamboo mat. When the ore is finely sized, such as -10 mm, especially during granulation heap leaching, the protective layer may not be used.
Coal mine rock tunnel drilling and loading unit( referred to as" drill loader") is an efficient continuous operation equipment that integrates two functions of rock drilling and loading. Mainly used for excavation operations in mine rock tunnels, diversion tunnels and other engineering tunnels. Its application increases the speed of excavation, reduces the labor intensity of work, improves the safety of excavation construction operations, and well realizes the mechanized operation requirements of rapid excavation of rock tunnels. At the same time, it solves the problem of not driving various equipment in small and medium roadways. The two drill arms of the drilling unit can simultaneously blast holes on the working face of the roadway, or simultaneously blast and top the bolt holes. The backhoe mechanism picks up the rock from a distance and sends it to the scraper conveyor. The scraper conveyor unloads the rock from the tail into the mine cart or belt conveyor. The bucket can also be used to clean the working surface. The breaker is integrated on the boom, which does not need to be disassembled during use. When large rocks are encountered, the breaker on the boom can be used to break.
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